Patients undergoing treatment for cancer with chemotherapy may often not receive the optimal drug combination or dosing for a number of reasons.  These include debilitating side effects, high interstitial fluid pressure, leaky vessels or the development of tumour resistance. 

In recent years, researchers have started to look at novel ways of making treatment more effective.  On such way is to change the formulation, develop more targeted agents that specifically inhibit the abnormal protein or better sequencing of available therapies.  Some of these have had mixed success as the stories of Gleevec, Tarceva, Iressa and Avastin have shown, albeit in some, but not all patients.

Image via WikipediaLung cancer, or more specifically, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which affects 80% of lung cases, has a very low response to chemotherapy with only 20% typically experiencing tumour shrinkage and an survival rate on average of 10-16%.  New approaches are desperately needed in this disease as well as basic research underpining greater tumour specificity.  At present, standard chemotherapies used in NSCLC target not only the lung cancer cells but also normal cells, thereby increasing the burden of drug toxicity and reducing the chances of overall success.

An interesting idea that has just been investigated by Taiwanese researchers in NSCLC is the use of a novel peptide to overcome the therapeutic effectiveness of drug delivery:

"We isolated a novel peptide ligand from a phage-displayed peptide
library that bound to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines.
The targeting phage bound to several NSCLC cell lines but not to normal
cells."

This interesting and specific approach was tested in mice and led to a 5-7 fold increase in the drug accumulation inside the carcinoma.  This should lead to greater chance of apoptosis (cell death) of the cancer cells and thus improved tumour shrinkage.  The authors concluded that:

Although the idea is an early one, we may soon see the approach used with existing chemotherapies inclinical trials in the near future.  While there is no guarantee that the mice results will translate to humans, it is certainly an idea worth trying.